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Outline of Circuit Switch

 

Circuit switching is a method in which a physically designated communication path is established, maintained, and terminated between two stations within a network for each communication session. It mainly consists of three phases: circuit establishment, data transmission and circuit separation. The most common example of circuit switching is the telephone network.

Once the connection is established, the data transmission is transparent. The main feature of such a connection is that it provides a fixed data rate channel, and both subscribers must operate at that rate. It is considered inefficient compared to packet switching because the total capacity of the track is devoted to the duration of the connection. If there is no data at any time, the channel capacity is wasted. In addition, it takes a long time to establish a relationship.

Circuit switching has two types of transmission.

Datagram Transfers: Datagram transfers handle frames individually.

Data Stream Transmissions: Data Stream transmissions contain a data stream that checks the address only once. Routing in circuit switching can have static routing or dynamic routing. In the case of static routing, this methodology uses the same approach every time, while dynamic routing allows for alternate routing based on traffic.

The main points of circuit switching are.

1. It is the simplest method of data communication in which a dedicated physical path or connection is established between the transmitting and receiving devices.

2. In circuit-switched networks, a group of switches are connected by physical links. A connection between two stations is a dedicated path made up of one or more links.

3. The figure shows a circuit-switched network where computers A, B, and C are connected to computers D, E, F, and G through four switches; if these computers are associated with a point to point communication, 12 dedicated lines are required, which will incur high line cost. @smarttechpros

 

Here I, II, III and IV are the switches or nodes of the circuit. The first, third, and fourth nodes are connected to computers, while the second node is just a routing node. 4. The four switches connecting these computers provide dedicated connections by reducing line costs.

circuit switching network

5. In circuit switching, the routing decision is taken when the path is established through the network. Once the link is found between the sender and the receiver, information is sent continuously over the connection.

6. The custom path created between the sender and receiver is maintained throughout the conversation.

7. This link or path is released only when the data transmission between sender and receiver ends.

8. Circuit switching takes place in the physical layer.

9. Before starting communication, stations must reserve resources for use during communication. These resources can be switching buffers, switching processing time, and switching I/O ports. These resources remain dedicated for the entire duration of the data transfer.

10 The data transmitted between the two stations is unpacked (i.e. in packet form). Data is a continuous stream sent by the source station and received by the destination station; there may be periods of silence.

11. There is no addressing interference in data transmission. However, end-to-end addressing is used during the configuration phase. It shuffles the track data based on its occupied band (FDM) or time period (TDM).

12. Circuit switching is used in telephone systems.

13. Communication in a circuit-switched network occurs in three phases:

                1. The stage of establishment or formation of the department.

                2. The data transmission stage.

           3. The circuit is disconnected, or the phase is broken.

We will cover the following topics in this tutorial:

Establishment of the department or configuration stage

data transmission stage

The phase of disconnecting or dismantling the circuit.

Advantages of circuit switching

Circuit switch defects

Establishment of the department or arrangement stage

In a circuit-switched network, before the actual data transmission takes place, a dedicated circuit or path is established between the transmitter and the receiver.

For example, if station A is ready to send a message to station C, it first sends a message to node 2, requesting a connection to station C, using the en key.  @techgeeksblogger

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